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Forensic Sciences Research

What is an annotated bibliography?

An annotated bibliography is a list of sources in proper citation format, each with a descriptive paragraph. The description may critique, analyze, or summarize the content of the item. For this assignment,  you will write a critical/evaluative annotation for each source, critically appraising the evidence that addresses your topic. 

A good annotated bibliography:

• encourages you to think critically about the content of the works you are using, the importance of the works within the field of study, and the relation of the works to your own research and ideas.

• proves you have read and understand your sources.

• establishes your work as a valid source and you as a competent researcher.

• provides a way for others to decide whether a source will be helpful to their research if they read it.

*Excerpted from The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The Annotated Bibliography should be the final result after a thorough review of the literature on your topic. Different databases should be searched to get different perspectives. If 8-10 sources are required, you should be reviewing many more sources (20-25), in detail,  before making final selections.

What to include in the annotation

In an annotated bibliography, your job is to analyze your sources and explain why you would choose to use them in your final project.  Your annotations might discuss some or all of the following:

  • Strengths, weaknesses, and findings of a study
    • What research question was the author trying to answer?
    • How was the sample defined and justified?
    • How was the data collected?
    • How did the author analyze the data?
    • How did the author interpret the data?  Were these interpretations valid?
  • Author's qualifications
    • Who is the author, and what is his or her background?
  • Writing style
  • Integrity factors
    • Were all steps of the research process followed?
    • How was the study funded?  Were there any conflicts of interest?

Steps to writing an annotated bibliography

  • Research, identify, locate and read scholarly and professional articles, books and documents for your bibliography
  • Critically screen, analyze and evaluate the sources
  • Organize the sources in a logical order
  • Create citations in proper format
  • Compose annotations

Formatting the annotated bibliography

  • Double space an annotated bibliography
  • Cite references as you would for a paper, using hanging indents
  • Compose up to two paragraphs per citation
  • No additional spaces between entries
  • Use Zotero -- it will do the formatting for you.