APA In-Depth: Reference List

Here are some guidelines for reference list citations in APA style (see the Web Sources tab for guidelines about citing web resources). For information about how to format your reference list, refer to the Formatting tab of this guide. The following examples reflect the most common types of sources. For guidance about citing other types of sources, check out the reference guide above or the additional sources listed at the bottom of the page.

Journal Article:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. https://doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

• Note: The title of the article will only have the first word, proper nouns, and first word after a semicolon capitalized, while the journal title will have all main words capitalized.
• Example: Delisi, M., Beaver, K. M., Wright, J. P., & Vaughn, M. G. (2008). The etiology of criminal onset: The enduring salience of nature and nurture. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(3), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.001

Book:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Publisher. DOI or URL

• Example: Krimsky, S., & Simoncelli, T. (2011). Genetic justice: DNA data banks, criminal investigations, and civil liberties. Columbia University Press. 
• If there is a DOI, add DOI at end of reference.

Book Chapter:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). 

• Note: If the chapter is from an E-book, enter chapter DOI
• Example: Bender, E. T. (1997). Malice in wonderland: American working-girl scenarios. In O. F. Williams (Ed.), The moral imagination: How literature and films can stimulate ethical reflection in the business world (pp. 53-70). University of Notre Dame Press.

Audio/Visual Material or Art:

Basic Format: Creator, A. A. (year). Title of work [Type of work]. URL

• Example: Lederhandler, M. (2001). Silent witness [Photograph]. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/09/september-11-pictures-remembrance/#/september-9-11-attacks-anniversary-ground-zero-world-trade-center-pentagon-flight-93-smoke-wtc-empire_40015_600x450.jpg

Format for No Author: Title of work [Type of work]. (year). URL

• Example: Nurse wearing a mask as protection against influenza [Photograph]. (1918). Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html

Format for No Author, Title, or Date: [Subject and type of work]. URL

• Example: [Untitled photograph of a sea turtle]. https://melinabeachturtlehatchery.wordpress.com/

For more detailed information and further examples, refer to the following resource: 

• https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples#whole