EC 340: Economics of Sports: Citation Help

This is guide gives you an in-depth look at citing APA citation style.  APA In-depth

No matter the citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) or what you are citing, you include 4 main elements in each bibliographic entry.

WHO: creator(s) (author, editor, director, artist, photographer, etc.)

WHAT: title or name of the work

WHERE: where was it created or published

WHEN:  when was it created

A few  simple rules:

• Each citation points to a bibliography entry
• APA standard format (author, date)
• Direct quotes get a page number (author, date, page no.)

Here are some guidelines for reference list citations in APA style. The following examples reflect the most common types of sources. For guidance about citing other types of sources, check out the additional sources listed at the bottom of the page. Remember, your instructor has the last say in how to format citations. Follow his/her guidelines if they differ from those on this guide.

Journal Article:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx

• Note: The title of the article will only have the first word, proper nouns, and first word after a semicolon capitalized, while the journal title will have all main words capitalized.
• Example: Delisi, M., Beaver, K. M., Wright, J. P., & Vaughn, M. G. (2008). The etiology of criminal onset: The enduring salience of nature and nurture. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(3), 217-223. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.001

E-Book:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. doi:xxxxxxx   OR    Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx

Example: Jones, D. A., & Roy, C. (2007). Nursing knowledge development and clinical practice. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.stevenson.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=246078&site=eds-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_Cover

Print Book:

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Example: Krimsky, S., & Simoncelli, T. (2011). Genetic justice: DNA data banks, criminal investigations, and civil liberties. New York: Columbia University Press. 

Book Chapter:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.

• Note: If the chapter is from an E-book, enter retrieval information in place of the location and publisher. 

Example: Bender, E. T. (1997). Malice in wonderland: American working-girl scenarios. In O. F. Williams (Ed.), The moral imagination: How literature and films can stimulate ethical reflection in the business world (pp. 53-70). Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Electronic Image:

Basic Format: Creator, A. A. (year). Title of work [Type of work]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx

Example: Lederhandler, M. (2001). Silent witness [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110908-about-911-september-9-11-twin-world-trade-center-towers-indelible/#/september-9-11-attacks-anniversary-ground-zero-world-trade-center-pentagon-flight-93-smoke-wtc-empire_40015_600x450.jpg 

Format for No Author: Title of work [Type of work]. (year). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx

Example: Nurse wearing a mask as protection against influenza [Photograph]. (1918). Retrieved from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html 

Format for No Author, Title, or Date: [Subject and type of work]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx  

Example: [Untitled photograph of a sea turtle]. Retrieved from http://melinabeachturtlehatchery.wordpress.com/ 

For more detailed information and further examples, refer to the following resources: